TUBERCULOSIS

TUBERCULOSIS

Tuberculosis is also known as TB. TB is a world wide problem. TB is one of the most prevalent infections of human being. It is spread by inhaling tiny droplets of saliva from the cough or sneezes of an infected person. TB is mainly affected the Lungs about 80% but any part of the body ca be affected without nail or hair.

Definition :- Tuberculosis is a communicable disease. Tb affect lungs parenchyma. It is most often caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. It may spread to any part of the body including menings, kidney, bones and lymph nodes.

* TB is world's second most common cause of death from infectious disease after HIV/AIDS. 

* Dr. Robert koch first discover tuberculosis bacilli which cause the diseases. 

* TB is an infectious disease and affects all age groups, both sexes, rich and poor, rural and urban person. 

*70% of TB causes occur in low socioeconomic group due to poverty, illiteracy, crowded environment and lack of personal hygiene.

* In India 0.37 million people dia because of TB every year.

* Tuberculosis is one of the six killer diseases.

1. Measles    2. Pertussis,    3. Diptheria,    4. Tetanus,     5. Tuberculosis    6. Polimylitis 

Causes :- 

Mycobactirium Tuberculosis
Overcrowding
Poor housing
Illiteracy 
Low socioeconomic status
Poor Personal hygiene 
Smoking & Passive smoking
Malnutrition
Factory

*Incubation Period :- 4-8 Days 

* Mode of Spread:- 

Droplet infection 
Droplet nuclie
Direct contact

*Portal of entry :- Respiratory track

*Sign and symptoms:-

Coughing up blood
Fever
Chest pain
Chilis
Weight loss
Night sweats
Long term cough
Loss of appetites
Fatigue
Pain
Inflammation 
Weakness

* Diagnosis*
 Microscopic examination of sputum for acid fast bacilli
Chest X-ray
Bronchoscopy
Chest Ct scan
Tuberculin Test and FNAC
Tissue biopsy
Montunx test

* Prevention and control*
Early diagnosis
Sputum examination 
Radiography
Tuberculin test

*Complications *
Bones:- Spinal pain and joints destruction may result of TB
Brains 
Liver or Kidneys damage
Heart disorder
Pleural effusion
TB pneumonia
Physical disability
Death

* Treatment of medication *
 

1st                                2nd                                    3rd

Pyranizide                 Microlyde                Amikacine 

Ethambutol                Linozide          Vitamin B complex

Rifampicine             Theacetazone

Isozinamite             Cyclocerine

Streptomycin

*Activity of nurse*
 Patient care 
Health education
Treatment observation
Sputum collection 
Managment/ Coordination
Research
Teaching
Contact tracing/ Screening

* Health Education*

() Wash your hand after sneezing, coughing or holding your hands near your mouth of nose.

() Cover your mouth with a tissue when you cough, sneeze or laugh.

() Discard used tissue in a plastic bag, then seal and through away it.

() Do not attend work or school

() Avoid close contect with other.

() Sleep in a room away from other family memers.

() Ventilate your room regularly .

() TB spreads in small closed space, put a fan in your window to below out air that  may contain bacteria.

() Vaccination (BCG)

*Thank You *
x